--- title: "Anthropic's large language models" source: "https://systems-analysis.info/eng/Anthropic's_large_language_models" wiki: "systems-analysis.info/eng" article: "Anthropic's_large_language_models" language: "en" categories: - "Category:Anthropic" - "Category:English" - "Category:Large language models" - "Category:LLM families" - "Category:Machine learning" - "Category:Technology" revision_id: 67 wiki_created_at: 2026-09-06T22:16:58Z wiki_modified_at: 2026-09-06T22:16:58Z downloaded_at: 2026-09-07T22:20:46Z --- # Anthropic's large language models **Anthropic's large language models** are a family of [large language models](https://systems-analysis.info/eng/Large_language_model "Large language model") developed by the American artificial intelligence company **Anthropic** and released under the name **[Claude](https://systems-analysis.info/eng/Claude_(Anthropic) "Claude (Anthropic)")**. The first Claude models were made publicly available on March 14, 2023, and the family has since grown into a tiered lineup used for conversation, writing, coding, reasoning, agentic workflows, computer use, vision, and long-context tasks. Claude models are trained using **[constitutional AI](https://systems-analysis.info/eng/Constitutional_AI "Constitutional AI")**, a method Anthropic developed to make models more helpful and harmless without relying primarily on large-scale human feedback. Beginning with the Claude 3 generation in March 2024, each generation has typically been released in three size tiers, ordered from fastest and least expensive to most capable: **Haiku**, **Sonnet**, and **Opus**. In June 2026, Anthropic introduced the **Mythos-class** tier above Opus, comprising the generally available Fable 5 and the restricted-access Mythos 5, which share a single underlying model. ## Models | No. | Date | Model | Type | Note | Source | System / Model Card | |-----|------------|-------------------------|---------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 1 | 2023-03-14 | Claude | Claude | First public Claude assistant; offered together with Claude Instant. | Anthropic | — | | 2 | 2023-03-14 | Claude Instant | Instant | Faster, lighter, lower-cost version of the first public Claude assistant. | Anthropic | — | | 3 | 2023-04 | Claude 1.3 | Claude | Later first-generation Claude model; used as the comparison baseline for Claude 2. | Anthropic | Claude 2 Model Card | | 4 | 2023-07-11 | Claude 2 | Claude | Second-generation Claude model with improved coding, math, reasoning, longer responses, and 100K-token context. | Anthropic | Claude 2 Model Card | | 5 | 2023-08-09 | Claude Instant 1.2 | Instant | Updated Claude Instant model with improved math, coding, reasoning, safety, and structured responses. | Anthropic | — | | 6 | 2023-11-21 | Claude 2.1 | Claude | Claude 2 update with a 200K-token context window, lower hallucination rates, system prompts, and beta tool use. | Anthropic | Claude 2 Model Card | | 7 | 2024-03-04 | Claude 3 Opus | Opus | Most capable model in the Claude 3 family. | Anthropic | Claude 3 Model Card | | 8 | 2024-03-04 | Claude 3 Sonnet | Sonnet | Mid-tier Claude 3 model balancing intelligence and speed. | Anthropic | Claude 3 Model Card | | 9 | 2024-03-13 | Claude 3 Haiku | Haiku | Fastest and lowest-cost model in the Claude 3 family. | Anthropic | Claude 3 Model Card | | 10 | 2024-06-20 | Claude 3.5 Sonnet | Sonnet | First Claude 3.5 model; higher intelligence than Claude 3 Opus with Sonnet-tier speed and cost. | Anthropic | Claude 3.5 Sonnet Model Card Addendum | | 11 | 2024-10-22 | Claude 3.5 Sonnet (new) | Sonnet | Upgraded Claude 3.5 Sonnet with improved coding, tool use, and computer-use capability. | Anthropic | Claude 3.5 Haiku and Upgraded Claude 3.5 Sonnet Model Card Addendum | | 12 | 2024-10-22 | Claude 3.5 Haiku | Haiku | Faster and cheaper Claude 3.5-family model. | Anthropic | Claude 3.5 Haiku and Upgraded Claude 3.5 Sonnet Model Card Addendum | | 13 | 2025-02-24 | Claude 3.7 Sonnet | Sonnet | First hybrid reasoning Claude model, with standard and extended-thinking modes. | Anthropic | Claude 3.7 Sonnet System Card | | 14 | 2025-05-22 | Claude Opus 4 | Opus | Opus-class hybrid reasoning model for coding, advanced reasoning, and long-running agent workflows. | Anthropic | Claude 4 System Card | | 15 | 2025-05-22 | Claude Sonnet 4 | Sonnet | Sonnet-class hybrid reasoning model; upgrade from Claude 3.7 Sonnet. | Anthropic | Claude 4 System Card | | 16 | 2025-08-05 | Claude Opus 4.1 | Opus | Incremental upgrade to Claude Opus 4 with improvements in agentic tasks, coding, and reasoning. | Anthropic | Claude Opus 4.1 System Card | | 17 | 2025-09-29 | Claude Sonnet 4.5 | Sonnet | Sonnet model focused on coding, complex agents, computer use, reasoning, and math. | Anthropic | Claude Sonnet 4.5 System Card | | 18 | 2025-10-15 | Claude Haiku 4.5 | Haiku | Fast, cost-efficient Haiku model with near-frontier performance. | Anthropic | Claude Haiku 4.5 System Card | | 19 | 2025-11-24 | Claude Opus 4.5 | Opus | Opus model for coding, agents, computer use, deep research, spreadsheets, and slides. | Anthropic | Claude Opus 4.5 System Card | | 20 | 2026-02-05 | Claude Opus 4.6 | Opus | Opus upgrade with stronger coding, cybersecurity investigation, long-running agentic work, and 1M-token context in beta. | Anthropic | Claude Opus 4.6 System Card | | 21 | 2026-02-17 | Claude Sonnet 4.6 | Sonnet | Sonnet upgrade across coding, computer use, long-context reasoning, agent planning, knowledge work, and design. | Anthropic | Claude Sonnet 4.6 System Card | | 22 | 2026-04-07 | Claude Mythos Preview | Mythos | Invitation-only research-preview model for defensive cybersecurity workflows through Project Glasswing. | Anthropic | Claude Mythos Preview System Card | | 23 | 2026-04-16 | Claude Opus 4.7 | Opus | Opus-tier upgrade over Opus 4.6 with stronger coding, vision, and long-running professional work. | Anthropic | Claude Opus 4.7 System Card | | 24 | 2026-05-28 | Claude Opus 4.8 | Opus | Opus-tier upgrade for complex reasoning, long-horizon agentic coding, and high-autonomy work. | Anthropic | Claude Opus 4.8 System Card | | 25 | 2026-06-09 | Claude Fable 5 | Fable | Mythos-class model made available for general use with additional safeguards. Access to the Mythos-class models (Fable 5 and Mythos 5) was suspended on 2026-06-12 under a U.S. government export-control directive; the models were not deprecated or retired. The U.S. Department of Commerce lifted the export controls on 2026-06-30, and Anthropic began restoring Fable 5 globally on 2026-07-01 (Anthropic statement). | Anthropic | Claude Fable 5 and Mythos 5 System Card | | 26 | 2026-06-09 | Claude Mythos 5 | Mythos | Limited-availability Mythos-class model through Project Glasswing; same underlying model class as Fable 5 with different safeguards/access. Access to both Mythos-class models was suspended on 2026-06-12 under a U.S. government export-control directive. The export controls were lifted on 2026-06-30; Mythos 5 access is being restored to a set of approved U.S. organizations (following U.S. government approval on 2026-06-26), with Anthropic continuing to work to expand access through Project Glasswing (Anthropic statement). | Anthropic | Claude Fable 5 and Mythos 5 System Card | | 27 | 2026-06-30 | Claude Sonnet 5 | Sonnet | Sonnet 5 model for coding, agents, and professional work at scale. | Anthropic | Claude Sonnet 5 System Card | ## Benchmarks | No. | Date | Model | Type^a | [MMLU](https://systems-analysis.info/eng/MMLU_Benchmark "MMLU Benchmark")^b | [GSM8K](https://systems-analysis.info/eng/GSM8K_(Grade_School_Math_8K) "GSM8K (Grade School Math 8K)") | [HumanEval](https://systems-analysis.info/eng/HumanEval_Benchmark "HumanEval Benchmark") | [MATH](https://systems-analysis.info/eng/MATH_Benchmark "MATH Benchmark") | [GPQA-D](https://systems-analysis.info/eng/GPQA_Diamond_Benchmark "GPQA Diamond Benchmark")^c | MMMU | SWE-V^d | SWE-Pro^e | |-----|------------------------|-------------------------|------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------|-------------------|---------------------| | 1 | 2023-03-14 | Claude | Claude | | | | | | | | | | 2 | 2023-03-14 | Claude Instant | Instant | | | | | | | | | | 3 | 2023-04 | Claude 1.3 | Claude | 77.0^f | 85.2 | 56.0 | | | | | | | 4 | 2023-07-11 | Claude 2 | Claude | 78.5 | 88.0 | 71.2 | | | | | | | 5 | 2023-08-09 | Claude Instant 1.2 | Instant | | 86.7 | 58.7 | | | | | | | 6 | 2023-11-21 | Claude 2.1 | Claude | | | | | | | | | | 7 | 2024-03-04 | Claude 3 Opus | Opus | 86.8 | 95.0 | 84.9 | 60.1 | 50.4 | 59.4 | | | | 8 | 2024-03-04 | Claude 3 Sonnet | Sonnet | 79.0 | 92.3 | 73.0 | 43.1 | 40.4 | 53.1 | | | | 9 | 2024-03-13 | Claude 3 Haiku | Haiku | 75.2 | 88.9 | 75.9 | 38.9 | 33.3 | 50.2 | | | | 10 | 2024-06-20^g | Claude 3.5 Sonnet | Sonnet | 88.7 | 96.4 | 92.0 | 71.1 | 59.4 | 68.3 | 33.4^h | | | 11 | 2024-10-22 | Claude 3.5 Sonnet (new) | Sonnet | 88.7 | | 93.7 | 78.3 | 65.0 | 70.4 | 49.0 | | | 12 | 2024-10-22 | Claude 3.5 Haiku | Haiku | 77.6 | | 88.1 | 69.2 | 41.6 | | 40.6 | | | 13 | 2025-02-24 | Claude 3.7 Sonnet | Sonnet | | | | | | | 62.3ⁱ | | | 14 | 2025-05-22 | Claude Opus 4 | Opus | | | | | | | 72.5^j | | | 15 | 2025-05-22 | Claude Sonnet 4 | Sonnet | | | | | | | 72.7^j | | | 16 | 2025-08-05 | Claude Opus 4.1 | Opus | | | | | | | 74.5 | | | 17 | 2025-09-29 | Claude Sonnet 4.5 | Sonnet | | | | | | | 77.2^k | | | 18 | 2025-10-15 | Claude Haiku 4.5 | Haiku | | | | | | | 73.3 | | | 19 | 2025-11-24 | Claude Opus 4.5 | Opus | | | | | | 80.7 | 80.9^l | | | 20 | 2026-02-05 | Claude Opus 4.6 | Opus | | | | | 91.3 | | 80.8^l | 53.4 | | 21 | 2026-02-17 | Claude Sonnet 4.6 | Sonnet | | | | | 89.9 | | 79.6 | 58.1 | | 22 | 2026-04-07 | Claude Mythos Preview | Mythos | | | | | 94.6 | | 93.9 | 77.8 | | 23 | 2026-04-16 | Claude Opus 4.7 | Opus | | | | | 94.2 | | 87.6^m | 64.3 | | 24 | 2026-05-28 | Claude Opus 4.8 | Opus | | | | | 93.6ⁿ | | 88.6 | 69.2 | | 25 | 2026-06-09 | Claude Fable 5 | Fable | | | | | | | 95.0^o | 80.0 | | 26 | 2026-06-09 | Claude Mythos 5 | Mythos | | | | | 94.1^q | | 95.5^o | 80.3 | | 27 | 2026-06-30 | Claude Sonnet 5 | Sonnet | | | | | | | 85.2^p | 63.2^p | **Table notes** - ^a Tiers follow Anthropic's naming. Before Claude 3 there were no named tiers: "Claude" is the flagship line (Claude 1/2), "Instant" the fast, low-cost line (retrospectively the Haiku lineage). From Claude 3 on, the family splits into Haiku, Sonnet and Opus. "Mythos" and "Fable" form the Mythos-class tier above Opus; Fable 5 and Mythos 5 share one underlying model. - ^b Early-era figures (rows 3–12) are Anthropic's own, from model cards/addenda; settings differ by benchmark and generation. MMLU: 5-shot CoT for Claude 1.3 and Claude 2 (rows 3–4), plain 5-shot (not the higher 5-shot CoT variant) for the Claude 3 and Claude 3.5 rows (7–12). GSM8K is shown only where Anthropic reported it and uses 0-shot CoT; the October 2024 Claude 3.5 addendum reports MGSM rather than GSM8K, so the GSM8K cells for rows 11–12 are left blank. HumanEval (Codex): 0-shot. MATH: 0-shot for Claude 3 (rows 7–9), 0-shot CoT for the Claude 3.5 rows (10–12). GPQA-D: 0-shot CoT. MMMU: validation split, 0-shot with chain-of-thought where reported — for rows 10–11, but not for Claude 3.5 Haiku (row 12), which launched text-only. See the Claude 2 model card, the Claude 3 model card, and the June/October Claude 3.5 addenda for exact settings. - ^c Modern GPQA-D figures (rows 20–24 and 26, where reported) were run under newer Anthropic evaluation settings, often with adaptive/extended thinking at high or max effort, and are not directly comparable to the 0-shot CoT figures in earlier rows. Anthropic notes that GPQA-D has become saturated for top models. - ^d SWE-V figures are Anthropic-reported and generally use Anthropic's simple SWE-bench scaffold (bash + string-replacement file editing) on the full 500-problem set. Trials, prompt additions, context length, thinking budget, and high-/adaptive-compute settings vary by release (see row-specific notes); they are not comparable to independent leaderboards (e.g. vals.ai), which use a different harness. - ^e SWE-Pro (SWE-bench Pro, Scale AI) is a harder set. Figures shown are from Anthropic's own harness; on Scale's standardized leaderboard the same models score markedly lower (e.g. Opus 4.6 ≈ 47–52%). - ^f Row 3 (Claude 1.3) figures come from the comparison table in the Claude 2 model card, where "Claude 1.3" is a named column. - ^g The API snapshot ID is claude-3-5-sonnet-20240620 (June 20, 2024); Anthropic's announcement page is dated June 21, 2024. This table uses the snapshot date. - ^h 33.4 (Claude 3.5 Sonnet) is the June 2024 release figure. The upgraded version (Oct 2024, row 11) scores 49.0. - ⁱ 62.3 (Claude 3.7 Sonnet) is on the full 500-problem set. On the n=489 subset: 63.7 without a scaffold pass and 70.3 with one. - ^j 72.5 / 72.7 (Opus 4 / Sonnet 4) are standard mode. In "high compute" (parallel attempts plus internal candidate selection): 79.4 / 80.2. - ^k 77.2 (Sonnet 4.5) is standard mode, 200K context, averaged over 10 trials, no test-time compute. "High compute" gives 82.0; the 1M configuration gives 78.2. - ^l 80.9 / 80.8 (Opus 4.5 / Opus 4.6) are both Anthropic figures but under different configs: 4.5 with no thinking budget, averaged over 5 trials; 4.6 with adaptive thinking, max effort, averaged over 25 trials (exactly 80.84; 81.42 with a prompt modification). The ~0.1 difference is noise, not a regression. - ^m 87.6 (Opus 4.7) is from Anthropic's system card; independent vals.ai reports 82.0. The jump over Opus 4.6 largely reflects a grader change, not only the model. - ⁿ 93.6 (Opus 4.8) — the benchmark is saturated (~93–94% for top models) and differences are within statistical noise; this cell may also be left blank. - ^o Fable 5 and Mythos 5 share the same underlying model but are reported separately in the system card: Fable 5's public safeguards route high-risk requests to a Claude Opus 4.8 fallback, which slightly lowers its measured scores. On SWE-bench Verified / SWE-bench Pro, Fable 5 scores 95.0 / 80.0 and Mythos 5 scores 95.5 / 80.3. Anthropic's combined launch chart ("Claude Mythos 5 / Fable 5") shows the higher Mythos-class figure (80.3). - ^p The Claude Sonnet 5 system card reports SWE-bench Verified = 85.2 and SWE-bench Pro = 63.2, averaged over five trials with Anthropic's standard SWE-bench configuration. Anthropic's comparison for the Pro figure is Opus 4.8's 69.2. - ^q Claude Mythos 5 scored 94.1% on GPQA Diamond in the Fable 5 / Mythos 5 system card. Anthropic did not publish a separate Fable 5 GPQA-D figure and describes the benchmark as saturated, stating it plans to stop reporting future performance on it. ## External links - Claude – official product page - Claude models overview – Anthropic developer documentation - Anthropic News – official model announcements - Claude model deprecations ## See also - [Large language model](https://systems-analysis.info/eng/Large_language_model "Large language model") - [Claude (Anthropic)](https://systems-analysis.info/eng/Claude_(Anthropic) "Claude (Anthropic)") ## Literature - Bai, Yuntao; et al. *Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedback*. Anthropic, 2022. - Jimenez, Carlos E.; et al. *SWE-bench: Can Language Models Resolve Real-World GitHub Issues?*. ICLR, 2024.